Signs and Symptoms Of Endometrial Cancer

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
• Pelvic pain or discomfort
• Pain during intercourse
• Unintended weight loss

Types of Endometrial Cancer

There are two primary types of endometrial cancer:

• Endometrioid adenocarcinoma: The most common type, typically associated with excess estrogen levels.
• Serous carcinoma: A more aggressive form of endometrial cancer, often found in postmenopausal women.

When to Consult a Doctor

If you experience any abnormal bleeding, especially after menopause, or persistent pelvic pain, it is important to consult a doctor to rule out endometrial cancer.

Causes

Endometrial cancer can be linked to hormonal imbalances, particularly increased levels of estrogen, as well as obesity, and a family history of the disease.

Risk Factors Involved in Endometrial Cancer

• Hormone therapy: Estrogen therapy without progesterone increases the risk of endometrial cancer.
• Obesity: Fat tissue produces estrogen, which can increase the risk.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This condition can lead to higher estrogen levels, raising cancer risk.
• Family history: A history of Lynch syndrome or other genetic predispositions can heighten the risk.

Endometrial Cancer Diagnosis

Diagnosis may involve:

• Transvaginal ultrasound: This imaging technique helps assess the thickness of the endometrial.
• Endometrial biopsy: A sample of the endometrial is taken to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
• Hysteroscopy: A thin scope is used to examine the inside of the uterus and perform biopsies.

Stages of Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer stages range from 0 to 4:

Stage 0: Cancer cells are confined to the inner layer of the endometrial.

Stage 1: Cancer is present only in the uterus.

Stage 2: Cancer has spread to the cervix.

Stage 3: Cancer has spread beyond the uterus, but not to distant organs.

Stage 4: Cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the bladder or rectum.

Treatment Of Endometrial Cancer

Surgical Intervention

Treatment often involves surgery, including:

• Hysterectomy: The removal of the uterus, and sometimes the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Chemotherapy

• Chemotherapy may be used to destroy cancer cells that have spread beyond the uterus.

Radiation Therapy

• Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells in the uterus or nearby areas.

Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy may be used to lower estrogen levels or block its effects on endometrial cancer cells, particularly in cases of advanced cancer.

Post-Treatment Care

After treatment, regular follow-ups are essential to monitor recovery and detect any recurrence. Emotional support and physical rehabilitation can aid in improving quality of life following treatment.