Signs and Symptoms of Uterine Cancer

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Pain during intercourse
• Unusual vaginal discharge, which may be watery or tinged with blood
• Frequent urination or difficulty urinating

Types of Uterine Cancer

Uterine cancer primarily comes in two forms:

• Endometrial Carcinoma: The most common type, which starts in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus.
• Uterine Sarcoma: A rare form that begins in the muscle or other supporting tissues of the uterus.

When to Consult a Doctor

If you experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, particularly after menopause, or any other unusual symptoms, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Causes

The exact cause of uterine cancer is not fully understood, but it is believed to develop when cells in the uterus acquire mutations in their DNA. These mutations cause the cells to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor.

Risk Factors Involved in Uterine Cancer

• Hormonal Imbalance: An excess of estrogen compared to progesterone can increase the risk.
• Age: Uterine cancer is more common in women over 50.
• Obesity: Excess body fat alters the body's hormone balance, increasing risk.
• Family History: A history of uterine or colorectal cancer in the family can elevate risk.
• Reproductive History: Never having been pregnant or having fewer pregnancies can increase the risk.
• Diabetes: Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer.

Uterine Cancer Diagnosis

Diagnosing uterine cancer typically involves:

• Pelvic Exam: A physical examination to check for abnormalities.
• Transvaginal Ultrasound: An imaging test to visualize the uterus and its lining.
• Endometrial Biopsy: A sample of the uterine lining is taken to look for cancer cells.
• Dilation and Curettage (D&C): A procedure to remove and examine tissue from the uterus.

Stages of Uterine Cancer

Uterine cancer stages range from 1 to 4:

Stage 1: The cancer is confined to the uterus.

Stage 2: The cancer has spread to the cervix.

Stage 3: The cancer has spread beyond the uterus to nearby tissues.

Stage 4: The cancer has spread to distant organs, such as the bladder, intestines, or lungs.

Treatment of Uterine Cancer

Surgical Intervention

Surgery is the most common treatment for uterine cancer, which may involve:

• Hysterectomy: The removal of the uterus, and possibly the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
• Radical Hysterectomy: The removal of the uterus, cervix, surrounding tissue, and part of the vagina.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells and may be used before surgery to shrink the tumor or after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells.

Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy may be used to slow the growth of uterine cancer cells, especially in women who are not candidates for surgery or radiation.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells and is often used for advanced uterine cancer or when it has spread to other parts of the body.

Palliative Care

Palliative care is an approach that focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for women with advanced uterine cancer, complementing other treatments.

Prognosis

The prognosis for uterine cancer is generally favorable if detected early. The success of treatment depends on the cancer's stage at diagnosis, and continuous advancements in medical care are improving survival rates.